Caries progression in non-cavitated fissures after infiltrant application: a 3-year follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a conservative treatment to prevent the progression of caries using an infiltrant on non-cavitated pit and fissures. Material and Methods This controlled clinical trial selected 23 volunteers with clinically and radiographically non-cavitated occlusal caries among patients presenting a "rather low" to "very high" caries risk. Eighty-six teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups: teeth receiving a commercial pit-and-fissure sealant (Alpha Seal-DFL) and contralateral teeth receiving Icon infiltrant (DMG). Caries progression was monitored by clinical (laser fluorescence caries detection) and radiographic examination at 12-month intervals over a period of 3 years of monitored caries progression. Probing the sealing materials to detect areas of retention was also used to evaluate marginal integrity. Results Statistical analysis showed no difference in caries progression using laser fluorescence caries detection when both materials were compared, regardless of the evaluation times (p>0.05). No significance was observed when the marginal sealant integrity of both materials was compared, regardless of the evaluation time (p<0.05). Marginal integrity significantly reduced after 1 year for both materials (p<0.05), but remained stable after 2 and 3 years of evaluation, compared with 1-year results (p>0.05). SEM analysis exhibited a more homogeneous sealing for the infiltrant than obtained by the sealant. Conclusions The infiltrant was effective to prevent the caries progression in non-cavitated pit-and-fissures after 3 years of clinical evaluation, comparable with the conventional sealant. The infiltrant also presented better results in terms of caries progression at the 3-year evaluation time using the radiographic analysis.

Management of post-orthodontic white-spot-lesions: clinical handling of the resin infiltration technique (Icon®, DMG) / Manejo de lesiones de manchas blancas post-ortodoncia: manejo clínico de la técnica de infiltración de resina (Icon, DMG)

To treat initial caries lesions using the technique of resin infiltration for a restoration of natural enamel appearance. Case report of a 19 year old female who presented with moderate post-orthodontic white-spot lesions (WSLs) at the upper central and lateral incisors following two years of active treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance, and requested an aesthetic improvement of decalcified enamel surfaces. The technique of resin infiltration (Icon®, DMG, Hamburg, Germany) is presented as a means for not only inhibiting lesion progression, but also for an adequate rehabilitation of dentofacial esthetics. Practical tips and cues for clinical handling of the infiltration technique are provided. Resin infiltration augments the therapeutic spectrum for orthodontist as well as pediatric or general dentists in that enamel areas affected by post-orthodontic WSLs can be restored to their original appearance.

El objetivo fue mostrar el tratamiento de lesiones de caries iniciales usando la técnica de infiltración de resina para una restauración de la apariencia natural del esmalte. Reporte de caso de una joven de 19 años de edad, de sexo femenino que presentó lesiones moderadas de manchas blancas (WSLs) en los incisivos centrales y laterales superiores, luego del tratamiento de ortodoncia con aparatos fijos por dos años, y solicitó una mejoría estética de las superficies descalcificadas del esmalte. La técnica de infiltración de resina (Icon®, DMG, Hamburgo, Alemania) se presenta como un medio efectivo, no sólo para inhibir la progresión de la lesión, sino también para una rehabilitación adecuada de la estética dentofacial. Se proporcionan además consejos prácticos y claves para el manejo clínico de la técnica de infiltración. La infiltración de resina aumenta el espectro terapéutico del ortodoncista, así como de odontopediatras y odontólogos generales en las áreas del esmalte afectadas con WSLs post-ortodoncia y que pueden ser restauradas a su apariencia original.

Método de confecção de placa oclusal: ajuste simplificado / Knitting occlusal splint method: simplified adjustment

As placas oclusais são dispositivos intraorais removíveis, geralmente confeccionados em resina acrílica, as quais recobrem, parcial ou totalmente, as superfícies incisivas e oclusais dos dentes, alterando a oclusão do paciente, criando assim contatos oclusais estáveis e consequentemente um relacionamento maxilo-mandibular mais favorável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um método de confecção e ajuste simplificado de uma placa em resinas acrílica incorporada ao arco superior do paciente. Para isso, foram confeccionados modelos de trabalho superior e inferior e os mesmos foram montados em um articulador semi-ajustável em relação cêntrica...

Efeito de um infiltrante resinoso no tratamento de lesões de mancha branca: análise in vitro e in situ / Efffect of a resinous infiltrant on the tratment of white spot lesions: in vitro and in situ analysis

Dentre as estratégias de tratamento de lesões incipientes de cárie, no estágio de mancha branca ativa, o infiltrante resinoso tem sido empregado, preenchendo os poros do esmalte e impedindo a sua progressão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do infiltrante de cárie (Icon®) sobre lesões cariosas artificiais produzidas por diferentes protocolos e a eficiência deste tratamento após novo desafio ácido por modelos experimentais in vitro e in situ, utilizando a microdureza de superfície (MS) e longitudinal (ML). Na fase in vitro, lesões cariosas artificiais foram produzidas em 45 espécimes de esmalte bovino (6x4mm) através de três diferentes protocolos (ciclagem DES-RE, gel MC e solução MHDP). Os espécimes foram tratados com o infiltrante e submetidos a novo desafio ácido por ciclagem DES-RE. Este delineamento resultou em 4 condições em um mesmo espécime: hígida (H), após a desmineralização (D), após o tratamento com o infiltrante (I) e após o novo desafio ácido (N). Na fase in situ, 15 voluntários usaram dispositivos palatinos contendo dois espécimes por 14 dias, induzindo a lesão por meio de gotejamento de solução de sacarose 8x/dia. Nas duas fases, a MS e ML foram avaliadas em todas as condições dos espécimes até 220μm. Os dados foram coletados e processados pela porcentagem da diferença com os valores iniciais da condição hígida para serem analisados estatisticamente de acordo com ANOVA (medidas repetidas) e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). No estudo in vitro e in situ todos os protocolos de desmineralização foram capazes de produzir lesões de cárie de subsuperfície. Todos os protocolos in vitro promoveram perda de dureza de superfície maior que 75%, enquanto o protocolo in situ promoveu quase 40%. Há uma redução da perda de dureza à medida que a profundidade aumenta em todos os casos, sendo as particularidades mais observadas até 50 μm. O infiltrante avaliado em todas as condições foi capaz de re-equilibrar parcialmente a dureza interna...

Among the strategies for early caries lesions treatment as active white spot, the resin infiltrant has been employed filling the enamel pores and preventing their progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caries infiltrant (Icon®) on artificial carious lesions produced by different protocols, and the efficiency of this treatment after new challenge acid by in vitro and in situ experimental models, using the surface microhardness (SH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSH). In the in vitro phase, artificial carious lesions were performed on 45 enamel bovine specimens (6x4mm) by three different protocols (DE-RE cycling, MC gel and MHDP solution). The specimens were treated with the infiltrant and subjected to a new challenge by DE-RE cycling. This design resulted in four conditions at the same specimen: sound (S), after demineralization (D), after the treatment with infiltrant (I) and after the new acid challenge (N). In the in situ phase, 15 volunteers wore intraoral appliances containing two specimens for 14 days, inducing the lesion formation by sucrose solution dripping 8x/day. In both models, SH and CSH were evaluated in all conditions of the specimens up to 220μm. Data were collected and processed as percentage from the difference to each condition compared to sound stage to be statistically analyzed with ANOVA (repeated measures) and Tukey test (p <0.05). For all tested conditions, demineralization protocols were able to produce subsurface carious lesions. All in vitro protocols promoted hardness loss higher than 75% while in situ protocol promoted almost 40%. There is a reduction in the hardness loss as the depth increases, in which the main differences can be noticed up to 50μm. The infiltrant evaluated in all conditions was able to partially re-balance the internal hardness, however its strength and effect after the new challenge acid had been limited...

Efeito de um infiltrante resinoso no tratamento de lesões de mancha branca: análise in vitro e in situ / Efffect of a resinous infiltrant on the tratment of white spot lesions: in vitro and in situ analysis

Dentre as estratégias de tratamento de lesões incipientes de cárie, no estágio de mancha branca ativa, o infiltrante resinoso tem sido empregado, preenchendo os poros do esmalte e impedindo a sua progressão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do infiltrante de cárie (Icon®) sobre lesões cariosas artificiais produzidas por diferentes protocolos e a eficiência deste tratamento após novo desafio ácido por modelos experimentais in vitro e in situ, utilizando a microdureza de superfície (MS) e longitudinal (ML). Na fase in vitro, lesões cariosas artificiais foram produzidas em 45 espécimes de esmalte bovino (6x4mm) através de três diferentes protocolos (ciclagem DES-RE, gel MC e solução MHDP). Os espécimes foram tratados com o infiltrante e submetidos a novo desafio ácido por ciclagem DES-RE. Este delineamento resultou em 4 condições em um mesmo espécime: hígida (H), após a desmineralização (D), após o tratamento com o infiltrante (I) e após o novo desafio ácido (N). Na fase in situ, 15 voluntários usaram dispositivos palatinos contendo dois espécimes por 14 dias, induzindo a lesão por meio de gotejamento de solução de sacarose 8x/dia. Nas duas fases, a MS e ML foram avaliadas em todas as condições dos espécimes até 220μm. Os dados foram coletados e processados pela porcentagem da diferença com os valores iniciais da condição hígida para serem analisados estatisticamente de acordo com ANOVA (medidas repetidas) e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). No estudo in vitro e in situ todos os protocolos de desmineralização foram capazes de produzir lesões de cárie de subsuperfície. Todos os protocolos in vitro promoveram perda de dureza de superfície maior que 75%, enquanto o protocolo in situ promoveu quase 40%. Há uma redução da perda de dureza à medida que a profundidade aumenta em todos os casos, sendo as particularidades mais observadas até 50 μm. O infiltrante avaliado em todas as condições foi capaz de re-equilibrar parcialmente a dureza interna...

Among the strategies for early caries lesions treatment as active white spot, the resin infiltrant has been employed filling the enamel pores and preventing their progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caries infiltrant (Icon®) on artificial carious lesions produced by different protocols, and the efficiency of this treatment after new challenge acid by in vitro and in situ experimental models, using the surface microhardness (SH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSH). In the in vitro phase, artificial carious lesions were performed on 45 enamel bovine specimens (6x4mm) by three different protocols (DE-RE cycling, MC gel and MHDP solution). The specimens were treated with the infiltrant and subjected to a new challenge by DE-RE cycling. This design resulted in four conditions at the same specimen: sound (S), after demineralization (D), after the treatment with infiltrant (I) and after the new acid challenge (N). In the in situ phase, 15 volunteers wore intraoral appliances containing two specimens for 14 days, inducing the lesion formation by sucrose solution dripping 8x/day. In both models, SH and CSH were evaluated in all conditions of the specimens up to 220μm. Data were collected and processed as percentage from the difference to each condition compared to sound stage to be statistically analyzed with ANOVA (repeated measures) and Tukey test (p <0.05). For all tested conditions, demineralization protocols were able to produce subsurface carious lesions. All in vitro protocols promoted hardness loss higher than 75% while in situ protocol promoted almost 40%. There is a reduction in the hardness loss as the depth increases, in which the main differences can be noticed up to 50μm. The infiltrant evaluated in all conditions was able to partially re-balance the internal hardness, however its strength and effect after the new challenge acid had been limited.

Confocal laser microscopy analysis of resin infiltration in fluorotic teeth / Análisis al microscopio láser confocal de la infiltración con resina en dientes con fluorosis

OBJECTIVE: Resin infiltration is an innovative microinvasive measure, whereby hard tissues are preserved, that has been used to treat medium stages of caries. The aim of this study is to evaluate with Confocal laser scanning microscopy the indirect staining technique of resin infiltration in teeth with different degrees of fluorosis. METHODS: Twenty-four fluorosed human molars and premolars were infiltrated and light cured. Specimens were prepared and lesions, as well as penetration depth were analyzed using dual fluorescence method in confocal laser microscopy. RESULTS: Percentage penetration, was significantly higher in teeth with mild and very mild fluorotic lesions, unlike moderate and control group which was significantly lower (p < 0.05, Bonferroni test). However, there are no statistically significant differences between control and moderate groups neither between very mild and mild groups (p > 0.05, Bonferroni test). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that resin penetration in mild and very mild fluorotic lesions is higher than in moderate lesions

OBJETIVO: La infiltración con resina es una innovadora técnica microinvasiva, donde los tejidos duros son preservados, que ha sido usada para tratar estadios medios de caries. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar con microscopio laser confocal la técnica indirecta de tinción en dientes con diferentes grados de fluorosis. MÉTODOS: Veinticuatro molares y premolares humanos con fluorosis fueron infiltrados y fotocurados. Los especímenes fueron preparados y las lesiones (FDmax), así como la profundidad de penetración fueron analizadas usando el método de fluorescencia dual en el microscopio láser confocal. RESULTADOS: El porcentaje de penetración fue significativamente mayor en dientes con fluorosis leve y muy leve, a diferencia de los especímenes con fluorosis moderada y grupo control en los que el porcentaje de penetración fue significativamente menor (p < 0,05, test de Bonferroni). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas entre el grupo mode-rado y control, ni entre los grupos leve y muy leve (p > 0,05, test de Bonferroni). CONCLUSIÓN: Se puede concluir que la penetración de la resina en dientes con fluorosis leve y muy leve es mayor que en los dientes con lesiones moderadas

Tratamiento de lesiones de caries interproximales mediante el uso de infiltrantes / Treatment of approximal caries lesions using infiltrants

Basados en el respeto por la estructura dentaria junto a un adecuado tratamiento y detención de las lesiones de caries, se ha desarrollado ICON®, un sistema que penetra los tejidos afectados con una resina de baja viscosidad fotopolimerizable (infiltrante) sin necesidad de la apertura mecánica de una cavidad. De este modo se introducen los “infiltrantes” como herramientas para el tratamiento de las lesiones proximales. El “infiltrante” actúa bloqueando la progresión de la lesión de caries y estabilizando la estructura dentaria. En este reporte se muestra la técnica de infiltración con el uso del kit ICON®, mediante la presentación de un caso clínico de lesión proximal extendida al tercio externo de la dentina.

Based on the respect for the tooth structure with adequate treatment and arrest of carious lesions, ICON ® has been developed. This system enters the affected tissue with a low-viscosity light-curing resin (infiltrant) with no need for mechanical opening of a cavity. This will introduce the infiltrants as tools for the treatment of proximal lesions. The “infiltrant” works by blocking the progression of caries lesion and stabilizing tooth structure. This report shows the technique with the use of the ICON ® kit, by presenting a case of proximal carious lesion extended to the outer third of dentin.

Evaluación clínica de restauraciones indirectas con resinas / Clinical evaluation of indirect restorations with resin

Evaluar el comportamiento clínico de las restauraciones con resinas fotocuradas a través de la técnica indirecta como alternativa para el tratamiento de cavidades complejas en dientes primarios y/o permanentes posteriores jóvenes. Ocho niños que asistieron al Servicio de Odontopediatría "Santa Elena", en Mérida, Venezuela, fueron incluidos en este estudio, reacondicionando un total de ocho dientes, para posteriormente evaluar el comportamiento clínico: estado periodontal, estado pulpar, restauración presente, satisfacción estética del paciente y estado y adaptación marginal de la restauración. Todas las restauraciones fueron evaluadas a los 8 días y a los 3 meses de realizados los tratamientos. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 13.0 (SPSS INC, Chicago, IL, Estados Unidos de América). Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de todas las variables estudiadas y un análisis cualitativo no paramétrico aplicando el Test Chi-cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher. Al tercer mes del tratamiento se observa que el comportamiento clínico es exitoso en un 100%, excepto la presencia de placa bacteriana (62,5%) y la satisfacción estética del paciente (87,5%). Sin embargo, al aplicar el Test Chi-Cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,302, 0,606 y 0,304). Las restauraciones indirectas con resinas compuestas constituyen una alternativa de tratamiento para dientes primarios o permanentes posteriores jóvenes con cavidades complejas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical behavior of the restorations with resins light cure through the indirect technique like alternative for the treatment of complex cavities in primary and/or permanent posterior young teeth. Eight children who attended the Service of Pediatric Dentistry "Santa Elena", in Mérida, Venezuela, were including in this clinical test, recovering a total of eight teeth, later to evaluate the periodontal state and pulp , is present at or not of biofilm, state and marginal adaptation of the restoration and esthetic satisfaction of the patient. All the restorations were evaluated to the 8 days and the 3 months. The data were analyzed using statistical package SPSS version 13.0 (INC. SPSS, Chicago, IL, United States of America). It was made a descriptive statistical analysis of all the studied variables and a non-parametric qualitative analysis having applied to the Test Chi-square and Exact of Fisher. The third month of the treatment it is observed that the clinical behavior is successful in 100% a, except the presence of biofilm (62.5%) and the esthetic satisfaction of the patient (87.5%). Nevertheless, when applying the Test Chi-Square and Exact de Fisher does not exist statistically significant differences (p=0,302, 0.606 and 0.304). The indirect restorations with compound resins constitute an alternative of treatment for primary or permanent posterior young teeth with complex cavities